What Causes Cluster Headache?
Risk factors for developing cluster headache include male sex, a family history, and prior head injury.
There are certain triggers, but the exact cause is unknown. Triggers include:
- Consumption of alcohol during a bout of attacks
- Strong-smelling chemicals such as perfume/aftershave, petrol, paint and other DIY products (typically those containing Volatile Organic Compounds ).
- Overheating during exercise
- Smoking
Cluster Headache Symptoms
Cluster headache is characterised by excruciating pain, typically on one side of the head around the eye area or the temple. The pain is often felt on the same side of the head during each attack and is typically severe and disabling. An attack can lead to the sufferer rocking, pacing or even banging one’s head against the wall.
Additional possible symptoms of cluster headache include:
- A red, watering eye on the affected side
- The drooping/swelling of the eyelid on the affected side
- A smaller pupil in the eye on the affected side
- Sweating
- A blocked or runny nostril, again, on the affected side
- Nausea and vomiting
Cluster Headache Prevention
There are preventative treatments for cluster headache. The first line preventative treatment is a calcium-channel blocker called verapamil which is taken orally, however other medications and even surgery may play a role for some individuals. Preventative treatment may be necessary for those who experience chronic cluster headaches to ensure they can lead a normal life.
Cluster Headache Treatment
Over-the-counter pain relief is not typically effective for cluster headache. Specialist treatments and medication for cluster headache are available and should be implemented as soon as an attack begins. These include:
- Sumatriptan injections – usually effective within 15 minutes, can be injected twice daily
- Sumatriptan or zolmitriptan nasal spray – a fast-acting alternative to injections if preferred
- Oxygen therapy whereby one breathes pure oxygen through a face mask. Studies suggest the use of oxygen for cluster headache works by contracting the cerebral vessels which widen during a cluster headache attack.
Medical Cannabis for Cluster Headache
The pain of cluster headache can be difficult to manage and may in particular disrupt your sleep. It is important to speak to your GP as soon as possible if you suspect you have had or are experiencing cluster headache. You can read the latest evidence on cluster headache from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry, which shows a change in headache frequency and/or severity for some individuals prescribed medical cannabis at Curaleaf Clinic.
We’re here to help you explore what’s right for you and your condition. If you are exploring medical cannabis for cluster headache, register with Curaleaf Clinic to check your eligibility for a consultation and speak to a doctor who specialises in this specific type of pain.
