The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex network of receptors, molecules (called endocannabinoids), and enzymes found throughout the body — including the brain, spinal cord, and gut. Its main role is to help regulate different processes, such as mood, memory, learning, and the body’s response to stress.
The main receptors in the ECS are cannabinoid receptors, called CB1 and CB2. CB1 is predominantly located in the central nervous system, whilst CB2 is predominantly located in the immune system. These are activated by endocannabinoids produced by the human body. These are also the main receptors through which cannabinoids from the cannabis plant, phytocannabinoids, produce effects on the human body.
The ECS provides a regulatory function, helping to maintain balance within the body, known as homeostasis. Studies continue to explore how disruptions in the ECS and this regulation can contribute to certain conditions like chronic pain, anxiety, and depression.
